The Gatekeepers of Water Tech

Water Sanitization

Utility managers like Eric Rosenblum and Ron Zegers are part of a small cadre of experienced leaders within the water utility who have been facilitating new water management approaches for decades.  They have ensured that, with very few exceptions, there is a steady supply of healthy and safe drinking water.

Like other water utility managers, these men play a quiet but essential role in our world. Our water infrastructure is not only the hard bound pipes and pumps that treat water and deliver it to us – it’s the lakes, streams and rivers that are our source of freshwater.  Protecting these sources has become an essential part of the role of water utilities.

Control Panel

We want innovative video games and haircuts, but we want the same old water.


We want innovative video games and haircuts, but we want the same old water.  It is the responsibility of water utilities to avoid any unnecessary risks to water quality, and this makes them among the most risk adverse customers for new technology.

Copy Cat

They demand that new approaches be well-proven in other utilities before they’re considered. As explained by Andrew Salveson of Carollo Engineers, “One of the major hurdles we face is the municipal copy-cat market, and this presents a hurdle to innovation.”

Promising technologies spend $500,000 to $1M just to prove their technology works full-scale at a single utility.  Many of the seemingly most promising companies over the past few years have not been able to survive the long and expensive process of proving their solutions in the municipal market.  As a result, the benefits of these solutions are often never seen by the general population.

Scarcity and infrastructure decay require new solutions for water resources management.  The process for bringing water technology to market requires money, but more importantly it requires leadership.  The few companies that make it through this arduous process are applying innovation to how they bring to their technology to market.

Bringing Water Design Vision to the “Rest of the Mess” in Real Estate

Shanghai Towers

Shanghai Towers

The Shanghai Tower will serve as a mammoth 125-floor rainwater harvesting structure. The breathtaking outside shell borrows the best designs from nature, collecting rain to purify and replenish 675,000,000 liters of water each year. Combining stores, offices and apartments, the building will serve as an icon for water resource management in China, as the country struggles to find enough clean water for its people and its growing economy.

“Unfortunately, most of the buildings in the world are not Shanghai Towers – most of the buildings aren’t new,” noted Dave Pogue, Director of Sustainability for CB Richard Ellis in the Artemis Project webinar earlier today.

“While some of our buildings are new, we also need to be concerned about managing the ‘rest of the mess’,” David Pogue, CB Richard Ellis.

Shanghai Towers

Shanghai Towers

“While some of our buildings are new, we also need to be concerned about managing the ‘rest of the mess’,” Pogue explained.  CBRE manages over 1.2 billion square feet of property in the Americas, and the bulk of those buildings are not new. Environmental considerations must contend with budgets.  “We have a lot of buildings struggling trying to find a way to be better in a water constrained world,” Pogue stated.

While water is vital, it is virtually free today.  And water seldom gets attention until there is a crisis.  Pogue noted that basic water saving devices such as toilets and urinals generate only a trickle of benefits and take 8 to 10 years to pay back. They’re better than nothing, but still just a small drop in the bucket.

We’re still waiting for the onsite appliance that reclaims water and treats rainwater with the precision and beauty of a miniature Shanghai Tower.  Small-scale onsite waste water systems operate today, recycling water from sinks and toilets to save over half of the drinking water used by an apartment building.  Companies like Dominic Sulik’s Natural Solutions Utilities are offering whole building solutions for onsite water management that match much of the savings from the Shanghai Tower. This offering is a service that pieces together existing solutions.

Property Chart

Property Chart

We can see the crises are coming, but we are still waiting for the Apple version of a building water system that matches the benefits of the Shanghai Tower.

“Its not about the cost of water, it’s about the downtime and the risk for the property,” John Macomber, Harvard Business School.

“Its not about the cost of water, it’s about the downtime and the risk for the property,” notes John Macomber, Professor of Sustainability at Harvard Business School.  If there is a lower cost of capital for a better risk-adjusted return on the property, then onsite water management makes sense financially.

Sustainable Building Image

Sustainable Building Image

Professor Macomber suggests that real estate properties such as accommodations and hospitality operations—hotels, spas, and hospitals—are examples of some of the early candidates for water tech. “The beach head for water tech is where the landlord pays for the water, where the landlord can effectively measure the benefit of an intervention, and where the volume of water used really matters to the economics.”

Desalitech Reduces Costs of Desalination

Middelgrunden Windmills Outside Copenhagen

Efficient desalination can utilize alternative energy, like these Danish windmills, thus relying on the ocean twice. / Photo: andjohan on Flickr

The most common question I field when I mention desalination is, “Doesn’t that take a lot of energy?”

The truth is, yes, it does. That’s why you’ll not hear me advocate for desalination without strongly insisting on complementary conservation.

We must redouble our conservation efforts by upgrading infrastructure intelligently and in no way excuse wasteful water practices by pointing to the plentiful, historical ingredients of desalination: oceans of water and oceans of coal.

Each barrel of freshwater extracted from the ocean has costs, so we should use the water as efficiently as possible, recycling it and then remediating it into the water cycle.

Yet, conservation alone isn’t going to meet our water needs. The world’s population is expected to increase by 2.5 billion over the next 30 – 40 years, while the current, natural water cycle is not expected to increase its output.

Just as we must increase conservation, we must prepare for the impending water plateau by increasing our capacity to produce fresh water.

Hence my excitement in June when I heard about Desalitech’s successful pilot.

The test purified Mediterranean saltwater, using Desalitech’s proprietary Closed-Circuit Desalination saltwater reverse osmosis method (SWRO-CCD).

Using common components, without energy recovery, running a high-pressure pump at 81% mean efficiency and circulation pump at 37.5% mean efficiency, the pilot achieved 48% recovery at 2.05 – 2.40 kWh per cubic meter of fresh water. For comparison, Perth’s desalination plant using Energy Recovery from ERI achieves 43% recovery at 2.32 kWh/m3.

Desalitech aims to increase the mean efficiency of the off-the-shelf, high-pressure pump to 88%, to provide recovery at 1.75 – 1.95 kWh/m3 on Mediterranean saltwater. The same pumps used on ocean water could produce equal recovery at 1.5 – 1.7 kWh/m3.

Desalitech’s implementation reduces the cost of powering desalination processes. It also decreases capital expenditures. Nadav Efraty, CEO of Desalitech, told me, “This technology is reducing energy consumption by up to 50% when we utilize about twice the membranes, reduces energy by about 10-15% when we use only 40% of the membranes compared to a conventional plant, or reduces energy about 30% when we utilizes the same amount of membranes, but in this mode, since we don’t utilize any form of energy recovery, we still see a reduction in capital expenditures.”

Even with less than half the membranes, the technology still sees 10-15% energy reduction. That’s a 60% savings on capital expenditures for membranes.

As an added element of efficiency, plants utilizing Desalitech’s technology can turn plants up and down depending on demand: Nadav explained, “The very same unit can operate at very high production rates part of the day (when power rates are low for example) and in extremely low energy consumption the rest of the day.”

Desalitech does this by independently controlling component flow rates, recovery, pressures and cross flow irrespective of the other variables.

Following their successful pilot, Desalitech is addressing brackish water. Desalitech’s three BWRO installations are fully operational facilities, capable of producing 10,000 m3 fresh water per day.

Utilities Seek New Technologies

Bacteria digest waste at a water treatment plant

Bacteria digest waste at a water treatment plant / Photo: jumpingspider on flickr

Water treatment and delivery systems were built for steady, predictable operation. In the face of water scarcity and budget cuts, utility managers are challenged to squeeze more performance out of water infrastructure with advanced technologies.

“We have two perspectives on improving the way in which we run our infrastructure,” says Rick Holmes, Acting Deputy Manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority in Las Vegas. “First, we are bringing in technology to help us keep aging infrastructure working longer.”

“Second, we are seeking out new ways of ensuring water quality. We are looking for new ways of addressing pipe corrosion, disinfection by-products, biological monitoring and damage from invasive species like Quagga mussels.”

We look forward to hearing more from the Southern Nevada Water Authority, as well as other leading water utilities in our upcoming webinar “A Visionary View of Advanced Water Tech.”

MIT Natural Gas Report Glosses Over Environmental Issues

Editor’s note: The energy exploration industry is the first to demand advanced water technology for economic reasons: water efficiency during hydraulic fracturing means cost savings. Advances in on-site water treatment for energy exploration will drive down costs for the technology to a point where it can be implemented in break-even or non-profitable situations, like personal housing and small to medium-size businesses, where demand will grow as current water infrastructure decays. Vikram Rao and peers will present on topics surrounding water use in energy exploration at an upcoming Artemis Project webinar.

MIT’s most recent report on energy is on the Future of Natural Gas, following similar reports on coal and nuclear energy.  It is co-edited by Ernest Moniz and Tony Meggs.  The latter recently left BP as CTO.  As reported in Forbes recently, the report emphasizes the role of shale gas in enabling natural gas substitution of coal.  The authors see this as a transitional strategy for a low carbon future.  We agree with that and have expressed similar ideas in the Directors Blog.

However, the report is surprisingly shy about discussing the environmental issues seen as facing shale gas exploitation.  While we believe these are indeed tractable, they merit much more discussion than they were given.  Accordingly we repair some of that omission here.

The most significant issues center on three matters:  fresh water withdrawals, flow back water and collateral issues, and produced water handling and disposal.

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Webinar: Managing Water Use in Energy Exploration

Artemis Webinars

There’s an increasing concensus that natural gas will be America’s half-way house as we kick our fossil fuel habit. The difficulties lie in managing water use while extracting the transitional fuel.

Because of the near surety of a long-term natural gas industry, technologies devoted to treating produced water form one of the few sectors where regulation and commercial interests are combining to create significant and immediate market demand for advanced water technologies, especially on-site water management systems, which will be critical to sustained hydraulic fracturing operations during shale gas extraction.

However, as of yet, there isn’t a comprehensive description of the critical, functional elements of an on-site system capable of reliably, safely treating water produced by shale gas exploration.

We do understand some of the requirements, including rugged design, reliable remote telemetry, and the capability to identify and remove salts and minerals, but we also recognize the necessity of gathering leading minds to further develop specifications that will meet the challenges inherent in shale gas drilling.

For that purpose the Artemis Project is hosting a webinar that will gather an appropriately diverse group of experts to explore the challenges, solutions and investment opportunities surrounding efficient water management in energy exploration.

Register now

The webinar will occur on July 16 from 11:00am EST to 12:30pm. The webinar will be divided into two sessions.

Session 1: Trends and issues surrounding shale gas drilling.

  • Bob Puls, Director of Research for the EPA’s Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Division, will brief the audience on current research into the impact of shale gas drilling on drinking water.
  • Dr. Vikram Rao, the Director of the Research Triangle Energy Consortium and the former CTO of Halliburton, will discuss expected trends in shale gas exploration.
  • Kathleen McGinty, Operating Partner at Element Partners and the former head of Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection and the White House Council on Environmental Quality, will speak on how regulation and commercial forces are driving use of new approaches in shale gas drilling.
  • Kate Sinding, Senior Attorney at the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) will speak on concerns that have emerged as shale gas drilling has begun in the United States.

Session 2: Relevant advanced water technologies addressing drilling issues.

  • Precision design tools for rugged, reliable on-site water reclaim.
  • Sensors to provide accurate remote oversight in rugged environments.
  • Advanced water treatment approaches — from forward osmosis to electrolysis to remove contaminants from produced water.

Register now